Linux commands with explanations
- 411toppm
- convert Sony Mavica .411 image to PPM.
- Xnest
- a nested X server.
- Xorg
- X11R6 X server.
- Xvfb
- virtual framebuffer X server for X Version 11.
- a2p
- Awk to Perl translator.
- ab
- Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool.
- ac
- print statistics about users' connect time.
- aconnect
- ALSA sequencer connection manager.
- acpi_listen
- ACPI event listener.
- addftinfo
- add information to troff font files for use with groff.
- addr2line
- convert addresses into file names and line numbers.
- afs5log
- AFS token initializer.
- allcm
- force the most important Computer-Modern-fonts to be calculated.
- allneeded
- force the calculation of all fonts now needed.
- amidi
- read from and write to ALSA RawMIDI ports.
- amixer
- command-line mixer for ALSA soundcard driver.
- amstex
- structured text formatting and typesetting.
- amtu
- Abstract Machine Test Utility (AMTU).
- animate
- animates an image or image sequence on any X server.
- anytopnm
- convert an arbitrary type of image file to PBM, PGM, or PPM.
- arecord, aplay
- command-line sound recorder and player for ALSA sound-.
- aplaymidi
- play Standard MIDI Files.
- apm
- interface with the APM subsystem.
- apmsleep
- go into suspend or standby mode and wake-up later.
- apropos
- search the whatis database for strings.
- ar
- create, modify, and extract from archives.
- arecordmidi
- record Standard MIDI Files.
- as86
- Assembler for 8086..80386 processors.
- ascii-xfr
- upload/download files using the ASCII protocol.
- asciitopgm
- convert ASCII graphics into a PGM.
- aseqdump
- show the events received at an ALSA sequencer port.
- aseqnet
- ALSA sequencer connectors over network.
- aspell
- interactive spell checker.
- aspell-import
- import old personal dictionaries into GNU Aspell.
- atktopbm
- convert Andrew Toolkit raster object to PBM.
- at, batch, atq, atrm
- queue, examine or delete jobs for later execu-.
- attr
- extended attributes on XFS filesystem objects.
- autoconf
- Generate configuration scripts.
- autoheader
- Create a template header for configure.
- autom4te
- Generate files and scripts thanks to M4.
- autoreconf
- Update generated configuration files.
- autoscan
- Generate a preliminary configure.in.
- autoupdate
- Update a configure.in to a newer Autoconf.
- autovbox
- ISDN voice box (sound converter).
- base64
- base64 encode/decode data and print to standard output.
- bc
- An arbitrary precision calculator language.
- bcc
- Bruce's C compiler.
- bibtex
- make a bibliography for (La)TeX.
- bioradtopgm
- convert a Biorad confocal file into a PGM image.
- bison
- GNU Project parser generator (yacc replacement).
- bmptopnm
- convert a BMP file into a PBM, PGM, or PNM image.
- brushtopbm
- convert a doodle brush file into a PBM image.
- build-classpath
- build a Java CLASSPATH with the named JARs.
- build-jar-repository
- create a symbolic link to a JAR.
- bzip2, bunzip2
- a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.3.
- bzcat
- decompresses files to stdout.
- bzcmp, bzdiff
- compare bzip2 compressed files.
- bzip2recover
- recovers data from damaged bzip2 files.
- c++filt
- Demangle C++ and Java symbols.
- c99
- compile standard C programs.
- cadaver
- A command-line WebDAV client for Unix.
- cameratopam
- convert raw camera image to PAM.
- capiinfo
- Show supported features of all installed CAPI2.0 controllers.
- ccmakedep
- create dependencies in makefiles using a C compiler.
- cdrdao
- writes audio CD-Rs in disc-at-once mode.
- cdrwtool
- perform various actions on a CD-R, CD-RW, and DVD-R.
- certwatch
- generate SSL certificate expiry warnings.
- chacl
- change the access control list of a file or directory.
- chage
- change user password expiry information.
- chattr
- change file attributes on a Linux second extended file system.
- chcat
- change file SELinux security category.
- chcon
- change SELinux security context.
- checkmodule
- SELinux policy module compiler.
- checkpolicy
- SELinux policy compiler.
- chfn
- change your finger information.
- chrt
- manipulate real-time attributes of a process.
- chsh
- change your login shell.
- chvt
- change foreground virtual terminal.
- ci
- check in RCS revisions.
- ciptool
- Bluetooth Common ISDN Access Profile (CIP).
- cjpeg
- compress an image file to a JPEG file.
- cksum
- checksum and count the bytes in a file.
- cleanlinks
- remove dangling symbolic links and empty directories.
- clusterdb
- cluster a PostgreSQL database.
- cmuwmtopbm
- convert a CMU window manager bitmap into a PBM image.
- co
- check out RCS revisions.
- tbl exum2.n | nroff -ms | colcrt
- | more.
- combinediff
- create a cumulative unified patch from two incremental.
- comm
- compare two sorted files line by line.
- compile_et
- error table compiler.
- composite
- overlaps one image over another.
- conjure
- interprets and executes scripts written in the Magick Script-.
- conman
- ConMan client.
- consolehelper
- A wrapper that helps console users run system programs.
- cpan
- easily interact with CPAN from the command line.
- cpp
- The C Preprocessor.
- crash
- Analyze Linux crash data or a live system.
- createdb
- create a new PostgreSQL database.
- createlang
- define a new PostgreSQL procedural language.
- createuser
- define a new PostgreSQL user account.
- crontab
- maintain crontab files for individual users (ISC Cron V4.1).
- cscope
- interactively examine a C program.
- csplit
- split a file into sections determined by context lines.
- ctags
- Generate tag files for source code.
- ctie
- merge or apply CWEB change files.
- cue2toc
- convert CUE to TOC format.
- cupstestdsc
- test conformance of postscript files.
- cupstestppd
- test conformance of ppd files.
- curl
- transfer a URL.
- curl-config
- Get information about a libcurl installation.
- cut
- remove sections from each line of files.
- cvs
- Concurrent Versions System.
- cvsbug
- send problem report (PR) about CVS to a central support site.
- cvt
- calculate VESA CVT mode lines.
- ctangle, cweave
- translate CWEB to C and/or TeX.
- cxpm
- Check an XPM (X PixMap) file - XPM 1, 2, or 3.
- cytune
- Tune Cyclades driver parameters.
- dbiprof
- command-line client for DBI::ProfileData.
- dbiproxy
- A proxy server for the DBD::Proxy driver.
- dc
- an arbitrary precision calculator.
- dc_client
- Distributed session cache client proxy.
- dc_server
- Distributed session cache server.
- dc_snoop
- Distributed session cache traffic analysis.
- dc_test
- Distributed session cache testing and benchmarking tool.
- dcraw
- command-line decoder for raw digital photos.
- ddate
- converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates.
- ddbugtopbm
- convert Diddle or DiddleBug sketches to PBM files.
- deallocvt
- deallocate unused virtual consoles.
- dehtmldiff
- get usable diff from an HTML page.
- dfutool
- Device Firmware Upgrade utility.
- dialog
- display dialog boxes from shell scripts.
- diff
- find differences between two files.
- diff-jars
- output the differences between two JAR files.
- diff3
- find differences between three files.
- dig
- DNS lookup utility.
- dir
- list directory contents.
- dircolors
- color setup for ls.
- dirname
- strip non-directory suffix from file name.
- display
- displays an image or image sequence on any X server.
- djpeg
- decompress a JPEG file to an image file.
- dmp
- translate Troff output to low-level MetaPost input.
- dos2unix
- DOS/MAC to UNIX text file format converter.
- doxygen
- documentation system for various programming languages.
- dprofpp
- display perl profile data.
- dropdb
- remove a PostgreSQL database.
- droplang
- remove a PostgreSQL procedural language.
- dropuser
- remove a PostgreSQL user account.
- du
- estimate file space usage.
- dumpiso
- dump IEEE 1394 isochronous channel packets.
- dund
- BlueZ Bluetooth dial-up networking daemon.
- dvcont
- send control commands to DV cameras.
- dvdrecord
- record audio or data Compact Discs and DVDs from a master.
- dvi2fax
- convert a TeX DVI file to G3 fax format.
- dvicopy
- produce modified copy of DVI file.
- dvihp
- convert a TeX DVI file to Hewlett-Packard PCL.
- dvipdf
- Convert TeX DVI file to PDF using ghostscript and dvips.
- dvipdfm
- Produce PDF files directly from DVI files.
- dvipdft
- create thumbnail images for use with dvipdfm.
- dvipng
- A DVI-to-PNG translator.
- dvips
- convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript.
- dvired
- print dvi-files.
- dvitomp
- convert a TeX DVI file to a MetaPost MPXFILE.
- dvitype
- translate a dvi file for humans.
- e2pall
- convert all EPS files in a LaTeX document to PDF.
- ebb
- extract a bounding box from JPEG, PNG, and PDF files.
- ecpg
- embedded SQL C preprocessor.
- ecryptfs-manager
- eCryptfs key manager.
- ecryptfsd
- user-space eCryptfs daemon.
- rediff, editdiff
- fix offsets and counts of a hand-edited diff.
- eject
- eject removable media.
- elinks
- lynx-like alternative character mode WWW browser.
- emacs
- GNU project Emacs.
- env
- run a program in a modified environment.
- envsubst
- substitutes environment variables in shell format strings.
- ps2ps, eps2eps
- Ghostscript PostScript "distiller".
- epsffit
- fit encapsulated PostScript file (EPSF) into constrained size.
- epstopdf
- convert an EPS file to PDF.
- eqn
- format equations for troff.
- eqn2graph
- convert an EQN equation into a cropped image.
- escp2topbm
- convert an ESC/P2 printer file to a PBM image.
- esd
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- esd-config
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- esdcat
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- esdctl
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- esddsp
- attempt to reroute audio device to esd.
- esdfilt
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- esdloop
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- esdmon
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- esdrec
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- esdsample
- The Enlightened Sound Daemon.
- espdiff
- apply the appropriate transformation to a set of patches.
- eventlogadm
- push records into the Samba event log store.
- expand
- convert tabs to spaces.
- expr
- evaluate expressions.
- extractres
- filter to extract resources from a PostScript document.
- eyuvtoppm
- convert a Berkeley YUV file to a portable pixmap (ppm) file.
- factor
- factor numbers.
- faillog
- display faillog records or set login failure limits.
- fastjar
- archive tool for Java archives.
- fauxv
- Prints out a process or a corefile's auxv data.
- fax2ps
- convert a TIFF facsimile to compressed (TM).
- fax2tiff
- create a TIFF Class F fax file from raw fax data.
- fc-cache
- build font information cache files.
- fc-cat
- read font information cache files.
- fc-list
- list available fonts.
- fc-match
- match available fonts.
- fcatch
- Runs the frysk application crash and signal stack tracing.
- fcore
- Runs the frysk core dump utility.
- fdebuginfo
- Displays the Debuginfo paths for a process and its shared.
- fdebugrpm
- Installs missing debuginfo packages as returned by utility,.
- fdformat
- Low-level formats a floppy disk.
- ferror
- print stack trace when the given error is printed by the.
- fetchmail
- fetch mail from a POP, IMAP, ETRN, or ODMR-capable server.
- fexe
- Print a process or corefile's executable path.
- fgconsole
- print the number of the active VT.
- fhpd
- The Frysk Debugger.
- fiascotopnm
- Convert compressed FIASCO image to PGM, or PPM.
- file
- determine file type.
- filterdiff
- extract or exclude diffs from a diff file.
- find
- search for files in a directory hierarchy.
- find2perl
- translate find command lines to Perl code.
- firefox
- a Web browser for X11 derived from the Mozilla browser.
- fitstopnm
- convert a FITS file into a PNM image.
- fixcvsdiff
- fix problematic diff files.
- fixdlsrps
- filter to fix DviLaser/PS documents to work with PSUtils.
- fixfmps
- filter to fix Framemaker documents so PSUtils work.
- fixmacps
- filter to fix Macintosh documents with saner version of md.
- fixpsditps
- filter to fix Transcript psdit documents so PSUtils work.
- fixpspps
- filter to fix PSPrint PostScript so PSUtils work.
- fixscribeps
- filter to fix Scribe documents so PSUtils work.
- fixtpps
- filter to fix Tpscript documents to work with PSUtils.
- fixwfwps
- filter to fix Word for Windows documents so PSUtils work.
- fixwpps
- filter to fix WP documents so PSUtils work.
- fixwwps
- filter to fix Windows Write documents so PSUtils work.
- flac
- Free Lossless Audio Codec.
- flex
- fast lexical analyzer generator.
- flipdiff
- exchange the order of two incremental patches.
- flock
- Manage locks from shell scripts.
- floppy
- format floppy disks.
- fmaps
- Prints out a process or a corefile's maps.
- fmt
- simple optimal text formatter.
- fmtutil
- utility for maintaining TeX format files.
- fmtutil-sys
- utility for maintaining TeX format files system-wide.
- fold
- wrap each input line to fit in specified width.
- font2c
- Write PostScript Type 0 or Type 1 font as C code.
- fontinst
- utility to run TeX as fontinst.
- fonttosfnt
- Wrap a bitmap font in a sfnt (TrueType) wrapper.
- formail
- mail (re)formatter.
- free
- Display amount of free and used memory in the system.
- fstack
- Runs the frysk stack trace utility.
- fstep
- Instruction steps a given program using the Frysk framework.
- fstopgm
- convert a Usenix FaceSaver(tm) file into a PGM image.
- ftrace
- Runs the frysk systemcall and function call tracing utility.
- funzip
- filter for extracting from a ZIP archive in a pipe.
- g3topbm
- convert a Group 3 fax file into a PBM image.
- g77
- GNU project Fortran 77 compiler.
- gawk
- pattern scanning and processing language.
- gcc
- GNU project C and C++ compiler.
- gccmakedep
- create dependencies in makefiles using 'gcc -M'.
- gcj
- Ahead-of-time compiler for the Java language.
- gcj-dbtool
- Manipulate class file mapping databases for libgcj.
- gcjh
- generate header files from Java class files.
- gconftool-2
- GNOME configuration tool.
- gcov
- coverage testing tool.
- gdb
- The GNU Debugger.
- gdbserver
- Remote Server for the GNU Debugger.
- gdk-pixbuf-csource
- C code generation utility for GdkPixbuf images.
- gemtopnm
- convert a GEM .img file into a PNM image.
- gencat
- generate a formatted message catalog.
- gendiff
- utility to aid in error-free diff file generation.
- genkey
- generate SSL certificates and certificate requests.
- getafm
- create an AFM file for a PostScript font.
- getconf
- get configuration values.
- getent
- get entries from administrative database.
- getfacl
- get file access control lists.
- getfattr
- get extended attributes of filesystem objects.
- getkeycodes
- print kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table.
- getopt
- parse command options (enhanced).
- gettext
- translate message.
- gfortran
- GNU Fortran 95 compiler.
- gftodvi
- make proof sheets from generic font files.
- gftopk
- convert generic font files to packed font files.
- gftype
- translate a generic font file for humans to read.
- gif2tiff
- create a TIFF file from a GIF87 format image file.
- gij
- GNU interpreter for Java bytecode.
- gimp
- an image manipulation and paint program.
- gimptool-2.0
- script to perform various GIMPy functions.
- gjdoc
- Documentation generation framework for Java source files.
- gjnih
- generate JNI header files from Java class files.
- glib-genmarshal
- C code marshaller generation utility for GLib.
- glib-gettextize
- gettext internationalization utility.
- glib-mkenums
- C language enum description generation utility.
- gnome-about
- The Gnome about box.
- gnome-mount
- Mount drives and volumes using HHAALL and read settings from.
- gnome-panel
- display the GNOME panel.
- gnuplot
- an interactive plotting program.
- gobject-query
- display a tree of types.
- gouldtoppm
- convert Gould scanner file into a PPM image.
- gpasswd
- administer the /etc/group file.
- gphoto2
- command-line gphoto2 client.
- gpilot-install-file
- gnome-pilot file conduit scheduler.
- gprof
- display call graph profile data.
- grepdiff
- show files modified by a diff containing a regex.
- grepjar
- search files in a jar file for a pattern.
- grmic
- Generate stubs for Remote Method Invocation.
- grmiregistry
- Remote object registry.
- grn
- groff preprocessor for gremlin files.
- grodvi
- convert groff output to TeX dvi format.
- groff
- front-end for the groff document formatting system.
- groffer
- display groff files and man pages on X and tty.
- grolj4
- groff driver for HP Laserjet 4 family.
- grops
- PostScript driver for groff.
- grotty
- groff driver for typewriter-like devices.
- groups
- print the groups a user is in.
- growisofs
- combined mkisofs frontend/DVD recording program.
- gsbj
- Format and print text for BubbleJet printer using ghostscript.
- gsdj
- Format and print text for DeskJet printer using ghostscript.
- gsf-office-thumbnailer
- office files thumbnailer for the GNOME desktop.
- gsftopk
- render a ghostscript font in TeX pk form.
- gslj
- Format and print text for LaserJet printer using ghostscript.
- gslp
- Format and print text using ghostscript.
- gsnd
- Run ghostscript (PostScript and PDF engine) without display.
- gtf
- calculate VESA GTF mode lines.
- gtk-update-icon-cache
- Icon theme caching utility.
- gzexe
- compress executable files in place.
- h2ph
- convert .h C header files to .ph Perl header files.
- h2xs
- convert .h C header files to Perl extensions.
- hcitool
- configure Bluetooth connections.
- hdifftopam
- convert horizontal difference image to original PAM image.
- head
- output the first part of files.
- hidd
- Bluetooth HID daemon.
- hipstopgm
- convert a HIPS file into a PGM image.
- host
- DNS lookup utility.
- hostid
- print the numeric identifier for the current host.
- hpftodit
- create font description files for use with groff -Tlj4.
- htdbm
- Manipulate DBM password databases.
- htdig
- retrieve HTML documents for ht://Dig search engine.
- htdigest
- manage user files for digest authentication.
- htdump
- write out an ASCII-text version of the document database.
- htload
- reads in an ASCII-text version of the document database.
- htpasswd
- Manage user files for basic authentication.
- icc2ps
- little cms PostScript converter.
- icclink
- little cms device link generator.
- iceauth
- ICE authority file utility.
- icontopbm
- convert a Sun icon into a PBM image.
- iconv
- Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to another.
- id
- print user identity.
- ident
- identify RCS keyword strings in files.
- iecset
- Set or dump IEC958 status bits.
- ifnames
- Extract CPP conditionals from a set of files.
- ijsgimpprint
- Ghostscript driver for Gimp-Print.
- ilbmtoppm
- convert an ILBM file into a PPM image.
- imake
- C preprocessor interface to the make utility.
- imgtoppm
- convert an Img-whatnot file into a PPM image.
- includeres
- filter to include resources in a PostScript document.
- indent
- changes the appearance of a C program by inserting or deleting.
- indxbib
- make inverted index for bibliographic databases.
- info
- read Info documents.
- infokey
- compile customizations for Info.
- infotopam
- convert Amiga .info icons to PAM.
- initdb
- create a new PostgreSQL database cluster.
- innochecksum
- offline InnoDB file checksum utility.
- install
- copy files and set attributes.
- install-catalog
- Manage a SGML or XML centralized catalog.
- instmodsh
- A shell to examine installed modules.
- interdiff
- show differences between two diff files.
- ionice
- get/set program io scheduling class and priority.
- ipcclean
- remove shared memory and semaphores from a failed PostgreSQL.
- ipcs
- report XSI interprocess communication facilities status.
- ipmi_ui
- Crude interface to an IPMI system.
- ipmilan
- IPMI LAN to System Interface Converter.
- irpsion5
- IrDA connectivity to a Psion V PDA.
- isdnbill
- report isdn costs.
- isdnconf
- manipulate or read ISDN phone number config files.
- isdnrate
- Print telefon rates and various info from rate-files(5).
- isdnrep
- report isdn activity.
- isodump
- format of IEEE 1394 isochronous packets dump file.
- isosize
- outputs the length of a iso9660 file system.
- jcf-dump
- print information about Java class files.
- join
- join lines of two files on a common field.
- jpeg2ktopam
- convert JPEG-2000 code stream to PAM/PNM.
- jpegicc
- little cms ICC profile applier for JPEG.
- jpegtopnm
- convert JPEG/JFIF file to PPM or PGM image.
- jpegtran
- lossless transformation of JPEG files.
- jsattach
- attach a serial line to a joystick device.
- jscal
- joystick calibration program.
- jstest
- joystick test program.
- jv-convert
- Convert file from one encoding to another.
- jv-scan
- print information about Java source file.
- jwhois
- client for the whois service.
- kbdrate
- reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time.
- kill
- terminate a process.
- killall
- kill processes by name.
- kpseaccess
- determine whether a file can be accessed.
- kpsereadlink
- print contents of symbolic link.
- kpsestat
- compute octal mode from mode of existing file.
- kpsetool
- script to make teTeX-style kkppsseettooooll, kkppsseexxppaanndd, and kkppsseeppaatthh.
- kpsewhich
- standalone path lookup and and expansion for kpathsea.
- l2ping
- Send L2CAP echo request and receive answer.
- last, lastb
- show listing of last logged in users.
- lastcomm
- print out information about previously executed commands.
- lastlog
- reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user.
- lchfn
- Change finger information.
- lchsh
- Change login shell.
- ld
- The GNU linker.
- ld86
- Linker for as86(1).
- ldapmodify, ldapadd
- LDAP modify entry and LDAP add entry tools.
- ldapcompare
- LDAP compare tool.
- ldapdelete
- LDAP delete entry tool.
- ldapmodrdn
- LDAP rename entry tool.
- ldappasswd
- change the password of an LDAP entry.
- ldapsearch
- LDAP search tool.
- ldapwhoami
- LDAP who am i? tool.
- ldd
- print shared library dependencies.
- leaftoppm
- convert Interleaf image format to PPM image.
- less
- opposite of more.
- lessecho
- expand metacharacters.
- lesskey
- specify key bindings for less.
- lftp
- Sophisticated file transfer program.
- lftpget
- get a file with lftp(1).
- libnetcfg
- configure libnet.
- linuxdoc
- LinuxDoc DTD SGML converter to other output format.
- lispmtopgm
- convert a Lisp Machine bitmap file to PGM.
- lkbib
- search bibliographic databases.
- loadunimap
- load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table.
- locale
- Get locale-specific information.
- localedef
- compile locale definition files.
- locate
- find files by name.
- lockfile
- conditional semaphore-file creator.
- logname
- print user?s login name.
- logresolve
- Resolve IP-addresses to hostnames in Apache log files.
- lookbib
- search bibliographic databases.
- lp
- print files.
- lpoptions
- display or set printer options and defaults.
- lppasswd
- add, change, or delete digest passwords.
- lpq
- show printer queue status.
- lpr
- print files.
- lprm
- cancel print jobs.
- lpstat
- print cups status information.
- lsattr
- list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system.
- lsdiff
- show which files are modified by a patch.
- ltrace
- A library call tracer.
- lwp-download
- Fetch large files from the web.
- lwp-mirror
- Simple mirror utility.
- lwp-request
- Simple command line user agent.
- lwp-rget
- Retrieve web documents recursively.
- macptopbm
- convert a MacPaint file into a PBM image.
- mag
- computes fontsizes and magsteps.
- make
- GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs.
- makedepend
- create dependencies in makefiles.
- makeg
- make a debuggable executable.
- makeindex
- a general purpose, formatter-independent index processor.
- makeinfo
- translate Texinfo documents.
- makempx
- typeset labels in MetaPost pictures with TeX or Troff.
- makestrs
- makes string table C source and header(s).
- man
- format and display the on-line manual pages.
- man2html
- format a manual page in html.
- mapscrn
- load screen output mapping table.
- mattrib
- change MSDOS file attribute flags.
- mbadblocks
- tests a floppy disk, and marks the bad blocks in the FAT.
- mbchk
- check the format of a Multiboot kernel.
- mcat
- dump raw disk image.
- mcd
- change MSDOS directory.
- mclasserase
- erase memory cards.
- mcookie
- generate magic cookies for xauth.
- mcopy
- copy MSDOS files to/from Unix.
- md5sum
- compute and check MD5 message digest.
- mdatopbm
- convert a Microdesign .mda or .mdp file into a PBM image.
- mdeltree
- recursively delete an MSDOS directory and its contents.
- mdir
- display an MSDOS directory.
- mdu
- display the amount of space occupied by an MSDOS directory.
- merge
- three-way file merge.
- mergelib
- merge one library into another.
- mesg
- control write access to your terminal.
- metacity-theme-viewer
- view metacity themes.
- metacity-window-demo
- demo of window features.
- mev
- a program to report mouse events.
- mformat
- add an MSDOS filesystem to a low-level formatted floppy disk.
- mft
- translate Metafont code to TeX code for prettyprinting.
- mgrtopbm
- convert a MGR bitmap into a PBM image.
- minfo
- print the parameters of a MSDOS filesystem.
- minicom
- friendly serial communication program.
- mk_cmds
- error table compiler.
- mkdirhier
- makes a directory hierarchy.
- mkfifo
- make FIFOs (named pipes).
- mkfontdir
- create an index of X font files in a directory.
- mkfontscale
- create an index of scalable font files for X.
- mkhtmlindex
- generate index files for HTML man pages.
- mkindex
- script to process LaTeX index and glossary files.
- mkmanifest
- makes list of file names and their DOS 8+3 equivalent.
- mkocp
- frontend to oottpp22ooccpp(1).
- mkofm
- front end to mmkktteexxttffmm(1).
- mkrfc2734
- Make Linux 2.4 IP over IEEE 1394 capable.
- mktexlsr
- create ls-R databases.
- mktexmf
- create a Metafont source file.
- mktexpk
- create a PK file for a font.
- mktextfm
- create a TFM file for a font.
- mkudffs
- create an UDF filesystem.
- mkxauth
- create and merge .Xauthority files.
- mkzftree
- Create a zisofs/RockRidge compressed file tree.
- mlabel
- make an MSDOS volume label.
- mmd
- make an MSDOS subdirectory.
- mmount
- mount an MSDOS disk.
- mmove
- move or rename an MSDOS file or subdirectory.
- mpartition
- partition an MSDOS hard disk.
- mpto
- extract labels in MetaPost pictures for typesetting.
- mrd
- remove an MSDOS subdirectory.
- mren
- rename an existing MSDOS file.
- mrftopbm
- convert an MRF image to PBM format.
- msgattrib
- attribute matching and manipulation on message catalog.
- msgcat
- combines several message catalogs.
- msgcmp
- compare message catalog and template.
- msgcomm
- match two message catalogs.
- msgconv
- character set conversion for message catalog.
- msgen
- create English message catalog.
- msgexec
- process translations of message catalog.
- msgfilter
- edit translations of message catalog.
- msgfmt
- compile message catalog to binary format.
- msggrep
- pattern matching on message catalog.
- msginit
- initialize a message catalog.
- msgmerge
- merge message catalog and template.
- msgunfmt
- uncompile message catalog from binary format.
- msguniq
- unify duplicate translations in message catalog.
- mshowfat
- shows FAT clusters allocated to file.
- msql2mysql
- convert mSQL programs for use with MySQL.
- mtools
- utilities to access DOS disks in Unix.
- mtoolstest
- tests and displays the configuration.
- mtvtoppm
- convert output from an MTV or PRT ray tracer into a PPM.
- mtype
- display contents of an MSDOS file.
- mutt
- The Mutt Mail User Agent.
- my_print_defaults
- display options from option files.
- myisam_ftdump
- display full-text index information.
- myisamchk
- MyISAM table-maintenance utility.
- myisamlog
- display MyISAM log file contents.
- myisampack
- generate compressed, read-only MyISAM tables.
- mysql
- the MySQL command-line tool.
- mysql_config
- get compile options for compiling clients.
- mysql_convert_table_format
- convert tables to use a given storage.
- mysql_explain_log
- use EXPLAIN on statements in query log.
- mysql_find_rows
- extract queries from update log.
- mysql_fix_extensions
- make table filename extensions lowercase.
- mysql_fix_privilege_tables
- upgrade MySQL system tables.
- mysql_install_db
- MySQL data directory initialization script.
- mysql_secure_installation
- improve MySQL installation security.
- mysql_setpermission
- interactively set permissions in grant tables.
- mysql_tableinfo
- generate database metadata.
- mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
- load the time zone tables.
- mysql_upgrade
- check tables for MySQL upgrade.
- mysql_waitpid
- kill process and wait for its termination.
- mysql_zap
- kill processes that match a pattern.
- mysqlaccess
- client for checking access privileges.
- mysqladmin
- client for administering a MySQL server.
- mysqlbinlog
- utility for processing binary log files.
- mysqlcheck
- a table maintenance and repair program.
- mysqld_multi
- manage multiple MySQL servers.
- mysqld_safe
- MySQL server startup script.
- mysqldump
- a database backup program.
- mysqlhotcopy
- a database backup program.
- mysqlimport
- a data import program.
- mysqlshow
- display database, table, and column information.
- mysqltest
- program to run test cases.
- mzip
- change protection mode and eject disk on Zip/Jaz drive.
- namei
- follow a pathname until a terminal point is found.
- nano
- Nano's ANOther editor, an enhanced free Pico clone.
- neotoppm
- convert an Atari Neochrome .neo into a PPM image.
- neqn
- format equations for ascii output.
- net
- Tool for administration of Samba and remote CIFS servers.
- newer
- compare file modification times.
- newgrp
- log in to a new group.
- ngettext
- translate message and choose plural form.
- nl
- number lines of files.
- nm
- list symbols from object files.
- nmap
- Network exploration tool and security / port scanner.
- nmblookup
- NetBIOS over TCP/IP client used to lookup NetBIOS names.
- nohup
- run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty.
- nroff
- emulate nroff command with groff.
- nslookup
- query Internet name servers interactively.
- nsupdate
- Dynamic DNS update utility.
- ntlm_auth
- tool to allow external access to Winbind's NTLM authentica-.
- ntpstat
- show network time synchronisation status.
- numactl
- Control NUMA policy for processes or shared memory.
- objcopy
- copy and translate object files.
- objdump
- display information from object files.
- od
- dump files in octal and other formats.
- ogg123
- plays Ogg Vorbis files.
- oggenc
- encode audio into the Ogg Vorbis format.
- on_ac_power
- test whether the computer is running on line power.
- onsgmls
- An SGML/XML parser and validator.
- opannotate
- produce source or assembly annotated with profile data.
- oparchive
- produce archive of oprofile data for offline analysis.
- opcontrol
- control OProfile profiling.
- openipmicmd
- An IPMI Command Interface.
- openipmish
- Shell interface to an IPMI system.
- openjade
- apply a DSSSL stylesheet to an SGML or XML document.
- openssl
- OpenSSL command line tool.
- openvt
- start a program on a new virtual terminal (VT).
- opgprof
- produce gprof-format profile data.
- ophelp
- list OProfile events.
- opimport
- converts sample database files.
- opreport
- produce symbol or binary image summaries.
- osgmlnorm
- An SGML/XML document normalizer.
- ospam
- An SGML/XML markup stream editor.
- ospcat
- SGML print catalog.
- ospent
- Concatenates entities in an SGML/XML document.
- osx
- An SGML to XML converter.
- outocp
- debug an OCP file.
- ovp2ovf
- convert a virtual property-list file into a virtual font file.
- pal2rgb
- convert a palette color TIFF image to a full color image.
- palmtopnm
- convert a Palm Bitmap to a PNM image.
- pamaddnoise
- add noise to a Netpbm image.
- pamarith
- perform arithmetic on two Netpbm images.
- pambayer
- interpret Bayer patterns.
- pamchannel
- extract channels from a PAM image.
- pamcomp
- composite (overlay) two Netpbm images together.
- pamcut
- cut a rectangle out of a PAM, PBM, PGM, or PPM image.
- pamdeinterlace
- remove every other row from a PAM/PNM image.
- pamdepth
- change the maxval in a Netpbm image.
- pamdice
- slice a Netpbm image into many horizontally and/or vertically.
- pamditherbw
- dither grayscale image to black and white.
- pamedge
- edge-detect an image.
- pamendian
- reverse endianness of a Netpbm image.
- pamenlarge
- Enlarge a Netpbm image N times.
- pamfile
- describe a Netpbm (PAM or PNM) file.
- pamflip
- flip or rotate a PAM or PNM image.
- pamfunc
- Apply simple arithmetic functions to a Netpbm image.
- pamgauss
- create a two dimensional gaussian function as a PAM image.
- pamgradient
- create a four-corner gradient PAM or PNM image.
- pammasksharpen
- Sharpen an image via an unsharp mask.
- pamoil
- turn a PAM image into an oil painting.
- pamperspective
- a reverse scanline renderer for Netpbm images.
- pampick
- pick images out of a multi-image Netpbm image stream.
- pampop9
- simulate a multi-lens camera such as the Pop9.
- pamrgbatopng
- convert PAM color/transparency image to PNG.
- pamscale
- scale a Netpbm image.
- pamseq
- generate PAM image of all possible tuple values, in sequence.
- pamsharpmap
- create map of sharpness in a PNM/PAM image.
- pamsharpness
- measure the sharpness of a PNM/PAM image.
- pamslice
- extract one line of values out of a Netpbm image.
- number part of the name. For example, pamsplit
- output-.
- pamstack
- stack planes of multiple PAM images into one PAM image.
- pamstereogram
- create a single-image stereogram from a PAM height map.
- pamsumm
- Summarize the samples in a Netpbm image arithmetically.
- pamsummcol
- summarize (sum, average, etc) a Netpbm image by column.
- pamthreshold
- threshold grayscale image to black and white.
- pamtilt
- print the tilt angle of a PGM file.
- pamtodjvurle
- convert a Netpbm image to DjVu Color RLE format.
- pamtohdiff
- convert PAM image to horizontal difference image.
- pamtohtmltbl
- convert pnm/pam visual image to an HTML table.
- pamtojpeg2k
- convert PAM/PNM image to a JPEG-2000 code stream.
- pamtopfm
- Convert Netpbm image to PFM (Portable Float Map).
- pamtopnm
- convert PAM image to PBM, PGM, or PPM.
- pamtotga
- convert a Netpbm image to a TrueVision Targa file.
- pamtotiff
- convert a Netpbm image to a TIFF file.
- pamtouil
- convert a PNM or PNM/alpha image into a Motif UIL icon file.
- pamx
- display Netpbm image in X Window System window.
- pand
- BlueZ Bluetooth PAN daemon.
- panelctl
- manual page for panelctl (libavc1394) 0.1.
- paps
- UTF-8 to PostScript converter using Pango.
- passwd
- update a user's authentication tokens(s).
- paste
- merge lines of files.
- patch
- apply a diff file to an original.
- patgen
- generate patterns for TeX hyphenation.
- pathchk
- check whether file names are valid or portable.
- pbmclean
- flip isolated pixels in portable bitmap.
- pbmlife
- apply Conway's rules of Life to a portable bitmap.
- pbmmake
- create a blank bitmap of a specified size.
- pbmmask
- create a mask bitmap from a regular bitmap.
- pbmpage
- create a one page test pattern for printing.
- pbmpscale
- enlarge a PBM image with edge smoothing.
- pbmreduce
- read a PBM image and reduce it N times.
- pbmtext
- render text into a PBM image.
- pbmtextps
- render text into a PBM image using a postscript interpreter.
- pbmto10x
- convert a PBM image into Gemini 10X printer graphics.
- pbmto4425
- Display PBM images on an AT&T 4425 terminal.
- pbmtoascii
- convert a PBM image to ASCII graphics.
- pbmtoatk
- convert a PBM image to a Andrew Toolkit raster object.
- pbmtobbnbg
- convert a PBM image into BitGraph graphics.
- pbmtocmuwm
- convert a PBM image into a CMU window manager bitmap.
- pbmtodjvurle
- convert a PBM image to DjVu Bitonal RLE format.
- pbmtoepson
- convert a PBM image into Epson printer graphics.
- pbmtoescp2
- convert a PBM image to a ESC/P2 printer file.
- pbmtog3
- convert a PBM image into a Group 3 fax file.
- pbmtogem
- convert a PBM image into a GEM .img file.
- pbmtogo
- convert a PBM image into compressed GraphOn graphics.
- pbmtoibm23xx
- convert a PBM image to IBM 23XX printer stream.
- pbmtoicon
- convert a PBM image into a Sun icon.
- pbmtolj
- convert a PBM image to HP LaserJet format.
- pbmtoln03
- convert PBM image to DEC LN03+ Sixel output.
- pbmtolps
- convert PBM image to PostScript.
- pbmtomacp
- convert a PBM image into a MacPaint file.
- pbmtomda
- convert a PBM image to a Microdesign .mda.
- pbmtomgr
- convert a PBM image into a MGR bitmap.
- pbmtomrf
- convert a PBM format image to MRF.
- pbmtonokia
- convert a PBM image to Nokia Smart Messaging Formats.
- pbmtopgm
- convert PBM image to PGM by averaging areas.
- pbmtopi3
- convert a PBM image into an Atari Degas .pi3 file.
- pbmtopk
- convert a PBM image into a packed (PK) format font.
- pbmtoplot
- convert a PBM image into a Unix 'plot' file.
- pbmtopsg3
- convert PBM images to Postscript with G3 fax compression.
- pbmtoptx
- convert a PBM image into Printronix printer graphics.
- pbmtowbmp
- convert a PBM image to a wireless bitmap (wbmp) file.
- pbmtox10bm
- convert a PBM image into an X10 bitmap.
- pbmtoxbm
- convert a PBM image to an X11 bitmap.
- pbmtozinc
- convert a PBM image into a Zinc bitmap.
- pbmupc
- create a Universal Product Code PBM image.
- pc1toppm
- convert an Atari Degas .pc1 into a PPM image.
- pcregrep
- a grep with Perl-compatible regular expressions.
- pcretest
- a program for testing Perl-compatible regular expressions.
- pcxtoppm
- convert a PCX file into a PPM image.
- pdbedit
- manage the SAM database (Database of Samba Users).
- pdf2dsc
- generate a PostScript page list of a PDF document.
- pdf2ps
- Ghostscript PDF to PostScript translator.
- pdfopt
- Ghostscript PDF Optimizer.
- perl
- Practical Extraction and Report Language.
- perlbug
- how to submit bug reports on Perl.
- perlcc
- generate executables from Perl programs.
- perldoc
- Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
- perlivp
- Perl Installation Verification Procedure.
- perror
- explain error codes.
- pfb2pfa
- convert a type1 pfb file (binary MSDOS) into a pfa (ASCII).
- pfbtops
- translate a PostScript font in .pfb format to ASCII.
- pfmon
- a hardware-based performance monitoring tool.
- pg_ctl
- start, stop, or restart a PostgreSQL server.
- pg_dumpall
- extract a PostgreSQL database cluster into a script file.
- pg_restore
- restore a PostgreSQL database from an archive file created.
- pgmabel
- create cross section using Abel Integration for Deconvolution.
- pgmbentley
- Bentleyize a PGM image.
- pgmcrater
- create cratered terrain by fractal forgery.
- pgmdeshadow
- Deshadow a PGM image.
- pgmenhance
- edge-enhance a PGM image.
- pgmhist
- print a histogram of the values in a PGM image.
- pgmkernel
- generate a convolution kernel.
- pgmmake
- create a PGM image of a specified gray level and di-.
- pgmmedian
- apply a median filter to a PGM file.
- pgmminkowski
- compute Minkowski integral.
- pgmmorphconv
- perform morphological convolutions: dilation, erosion.
- pgmnoise
- create a graymap made up of white noise.
- pgmramp
- generate a grayscale ramp.
- pgmslice
- extract one line of pixel values out of a PGM.
- pgmtexture
- calculate textural features on a PGM image.
- pgmtofs
- convert PGM image to Usenix FaceSaver(tm) format.
- pgmtolispm
- convert a PGM image to Lisp Machine format.
- pgmtopbm
- convert a PGM image to PBM.
- pgmtopgm
- copy PGM image.
- pgmtoppm
- colorize a PGM (grayscale) image into a PPM (color) image.
- php
- PHP Command Line Interface 'CLI'.
- pi1toppm
- convert an Atari Degas .pi1 into a PPM image.
- pi3topbm
- convert an Atari Degas .pi3 file into a PBM image.
- pic
- compile pictures for troff or TeX.
- pic2graph
- convert a PIC diagram into a cropped image.
- pinky
- lightweight finger.
- pirut
- A graphical software installer and remover.
- pjtoppm
- convert an HP PaintJet file to a PPM image.
- pk2bm
- create a bitmap from a TeX pkfont.
- pkcs11_inspect
- print certificate contents.
- pkg-config
- Return metainformation about installed libraries.
- pklogin_finder
- maps certificates into a user.
- pktogf
- convert packed font files to generic font files.
- pktopbm
- convert packed (PK) format font into PBM.
- pktsetup
- set up and tear down packet device associations.
- pktype
- verify and translate a packed font bitmap file to plain text.
- pl2pm
- Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules.
- pltotf
- convert property list files to TeX font metric (tfm) format.
- pmap
- report memory map of a process.
- pngtopnm
- convert a PNG image into a PNM image.
- pnmalias
- antialias a PNM image.
- pnmarith
- perform arithmetic on two PNM images.
- pnmcat
- concatenate Netpbm images.
- pnmcolormap
- create quantization color map for a Netpbm image.
- pnmcomp
- composite (overlay) two PNM images together.
- pnmconvol
- general MxN convolution on a PNM image.
- pnmcrop
- crop a PNM image.
- pnmcut
- cut a rectangle out of a PBM, PGM, or PPM image.
- pnmdepth
- change the maxval in a PNM image.
- pnmgamma
- perform gamma correction on a PNM image.
- pnmhisteq
- histogram equalize a PNM image.
- pnmhistmap
- draw a histogram for a PGM or PPM file.
- pnmindex
- build a visual index of a bunch of PNM images.
- pnminvert
- invert a PNM image.
- pnmmargin
- add a border to a PNM image.
- pnmmontage
- create a montage of PNM images.
- pnmnorm
- normalize the contrast in a Netbpm image.
- pnmpad
- add borders to a PNM image.
- pnmpaste
- paste a rectangle into a PNM image.
- pnmpsnr
- compute the difference between two images (the PSNR).
- pnmquant
- quantize the colors in a Netpbm image to a smaller set.
- pnmremap
- replace colors in a PNM image with colors from another set.
- pnmrotate
- rotate a PNM image by some angle.
- pnmscale
- scale a PNM image.
- pnmshear
- shear a PNM image by a specified angle.
- pnmsmooth
- smooth out an image.
- pnmstitch
- stitch together two panoramic (side-by-side) photographs.
- pnmtile
- replicate an image to fill a specified region.
- pnmtoddif
- Convert a PNM image to DDIF format.
- pnmtofiasco
- Convert PNM file to FIASCO compressed file.
- pnmtojpeg
- convert PNM image to a JFIF ('JPEG') image.
- pnmtopalm
- convert a PNM image to a Palm Bitmap.
- pnmtopng
- convert a PNM image to PNG.
- pnmtopnm
- copy a PNM image.
- pnmtops
- convert PNM image to PostScript.
- pnmtorast
- convert a PPM into a Sun rasterfile.
- pnmtorle
- convert a Netpbm image file into an RLE image file.
- pnmtosgi
- convert a PNM image to a SGI image file.
- pnmtosir
- convert a PNM image into a Solitaire format.
- pnmtotiff
- convert a PNM image to a TIFF file.
- pnmtotiffcmyk
- convert a Netpbm image into a CMYK encoded TIFF file.
- pnmtoxwd
- convert a PNM into an X11 window dump.
- pod2html
- convert .pod files to .html files.
- pod2latex
- convert pod documentation to latex format.
- pod2man
- Convert POD data to formatted *roff input.
- pod2text
- Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text.
- pod2usage
- print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files.
- podchecker
- check the syntax of POD format documentation files.
- podselect
- print selected sections of pod documentation on standard.
- pooltype
- display a WEB pool file.
- postgres
- run a PostgreSQL server in single-user mode.
- postmaster
- PostgreSQL multiuser database server.
- halt, reboot, poweroff
- stop the system.
- ppm2tiff
- create a TIFF file from PPM, PGM and PBM image files.
- ppm3d
- convert two PPM images into a red/blue 3d glasses PPM.
- ppmbrighten
- change a PPM image's Saturation and Value.
- ppmchange
- change all pixels of one color to another in a PPM image.
- ppmcie
- draw a CIE color chart as a PPM image.
- ppmcolormask
- produce mask of areas of a certain color in a PPM file.
- ppmddumpfont
- dump a Ppmdfont file.
- ppmdim
- dim a PPM image.
- ppmdither
- ordered dither for color images.
- ppmdmkfont
- Create Ppmdfont "standard".
- ppmdraw
- draw lines, text, etc on a PPM image.
- ppmflash
- brighten a picture to approach white.
- ppmforge
- fractal forgeries of clouds, planets, and starry skies.
- ppmglobe
- generate strips to glue onto a sphere.
- ppmhist
- print a histogram of the colors in a PPM image.
- ppmlabel
- add text to a PPM image.
- ppmmake
- create a PPM image of a specified color and dimensions.
- ppmmix
- blend together two PPM images.
- ppmntsc
- Make RGB colors legal for NTSC or PAL color systems.
- ppmpat
- make a pretty PPM image.
- ppmrainbow
- Generate a rainbow.
- ppmrelief
- run a Laplacian relief filter on a PPM image.
- ppmshadow
- add simulated shadows to a PPM image.
- ppmshift
- shift lines of a PPM image left or right by a random amount.
- ppmspread
- displace a PPM image's pixels by a random amount.
- ppmtoacad
- convert PPM to Autocad database or slide.
- ppmtoarbtxt
- generate image in arbitrary text format from PPM image.
- ppmtobmp
- convert a PPM image into a BMP file.
- ppmtoeyuv
- convert a PPM image into a Berkeley YUV file.
- ppmtogif
- convert a PPM image to a GIF image.
- ppmtoicr
- convert a PPM image into NCSA ICR format.
- ppmtoilbm
- convert a PPM image into an ILBM file.
- ppmtoleaf
- convert PPM image to Interleaf image format.
- ppmtolj
- convert a PPM image to an HP LaserJet PCL 5 Color file.
- ppmtomitsu
- convert a PPM image to a Mitsubishi S340-10 file.
- ppmtompeg
- encode an MPEG-1 bitstream.
- ppmtoneo
- convert a PPM into an Atari Neochrome .neo file.
- ppmtopcx
- convert a PPM image to a PCX file.
- ppmtopgm
- convert a PPM image to a PGM image.
- ppmtopi1
- convert a PPM image into an Atari Degas .pi1 file.
- ppmtopict
- convert a PPM image to a Macintosh PICT file.
- ppmtopj
- convert a PPM image to an HP PaintJet file.
- ppmtopjxl
- convert a PPM image to an HP PaintJet XL PCL file.
- ppmtoppm
- copy PPM image.
- ppmtopuzz
- convert a PPM image to an X11 'puzzle' file.
- ppmtorgb3
- separate a PPM image into three PGMs.
- ppmtosixel
- convert a PPM image to DEC sixel format.
- ppmtoterm
- convert a PPM image to a ANSI ISO 6429 ascii image.
- ppmtowinicon
- convert PPM image into a Windows .ico file.
- ppmtoxpm
- convert a PPM image to an X11 pixmap.
- ppmtoyuv
- convert a PPM image to an Abekas YUV file.
- ppmtoyuvsplit
- convert a PPM image to 3 subsampled raw YUV files.
- ppmtv
- make a PPM image look like taken from an American TV.
- ppmwheel
- make a PPM image of a color wheel.
- pr
- convert text files for printing.
- printafm
- Print the metrics from a Postscript font in AFM format using.
- printenv
- print all or part of environment.
- printf
- format and print data.
- procmail
- autonomous mail processor.
- profiles
- A utility to report and change SIDs in registry files.
- ps2ascii
- Ghostscript translator from PostScript or PDF to ASCII.
- ps2epsi
- generate conforming Encapsulated PostScript.
- ps2frag
- obsolete shell script for the PSfrag system.
- ps2pdf
- Convert PostScript to PDF using ghostscript.
- ps2pdf13
- Convert PostScript to PDF 1.3 (Acrobat 4-and-later compati-.
- ps2pk
- creates a TeX pkfont from a type1 PostScript font.
- psbook
- rearrange pages in PostScript file into signatures.
- psed
- a stream editor.
- psfaddtable
- add a Unicode character table to a console font.
- psfstriptable
- remove the embedded Unicode character table from a con-.
- psfxtable
- handle Unicode character tables for console fonts.
- psidtopgm
- convert PostScript 'image' data to a PGM image.
- pslatex
- utility to typeset LaTeX files using PostScript fonts.
- psmerge
- filter to merge several PostScript files into one.
- psnup
- multiple pages per sheet.
- psql
- PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
- psresize
- rescale and centre the pages of a PostScript file.
- psselect
- select pages from a PostScript file.
- pstack
- print a stack trace of a running process.
- pstopnm
- convert a PostScript file to a PNM image.
- pstops
- shuffle pages in a PostScript file.
- pstree
- display a tree of processes.
- c2ph, pstruct
- Dump C structures as generated from "cc -g -S" stabs.
- ptar
- a tar-like program written in perl.
- ptardiff
- program that diffs an extracted archive against an unex-.
- ptx
- produce a permuted index of file contents.
- pup
- Package updater.
- puplet
- Package update notification.
- pwdx
- report current working directory of a process.
- qrttoppm
- convert output from the QRT ray tracer to a PPM image.
- quota
- display disk usage and limits.
- radclient
- send packets to a RADIUS server, show reply.
- radeapclient
- send EAP packets to a RADIUS server, calculate responses.
- radlast
- show "last" info from the radwtmp file.
- radsqlrelay
- relay SQL queries to a central database server.
- radtest
- send packets to a RADIUS server, show reply.
- radwho
- show online users.
- radzap
- remove rogue entries from the active sessions database.
- ranlib
- generate index to archive.
- ras2tiff
- create a TIFF file from a Sun rasterfile.
- rasttopnm
- convert a Sun rasterfile to a PNM image.
- raw2tiff
- create a TIFF file from a raw data.
- rawtopgm
- convert raw grayscale bytes to a PGM image.
- rawtoppm
- convert a stream of raw RGB bytes to a PPM image.
- rcs
- change RCS file attributes.
- rcsclean
- clean up working files.
- rcsdiff
- compare RCS revisions.
- rcsmerge
- merge RCS revisions.
- rdate
- get the time via the network.
- rdist
- remote file distribution client program.
- rdjpgcom
- display text comments from a JPEG file.
- readcd
- read or write data Compact Discs.
- readelf
- Displays information about ELF files.
- readlink
- display value of a symbolic link.
- recountdiff
- recompute patch counts and offsets.
- refer
- preprocess bibliographic references for groff.
- reindexdb
- reindex a PostgreSQL database.
- rename
- Rename files.
- replace
- a string-replacement utility.
- resizecons
- change kernel idea of the console size.
- resolve_stack_dump
- resolve numeric stack trace dump to symbols.
- resolveip
- resolve hostname to IP address or vice versa.
- rfcomm
- RFCOMM configuration utility.
- rgb2ycbcr
- convert non-YCbCr TIFF images to a YCbCr TIFF image.
- rgb3toppm
- combine three PGM images (R, G, B) into one PPM image.
- rlog
- print log messages and other information about RCS files.
- rmcp_ping
- IPMI RMCP Ping program.
- rmdtovbox
- isdn voice box (sound converter).
- rngtest
- Check the randomness of data using FIPS 140-2 tests.
- rpcclient
- tool for executing client side MS-RPC functions.
- rpm2cpio
- Extract cpio archive from RPM Package Manager (RPM) package.
- rpmbuild
- Build RPM Package(s).
- rpmgraph
- Display RPM Package Dependency Graph.
- rsvg
- Turn SVG files into raster images.
- rsync
- faster, flexible replacement for rcp.
- rumakeindex
- process a LaTeX index using Russian Cyrillic characters.
- runcon
- run command with specified SELinux security context.
- rundig
- sample script to create a search database for ht://Dig.
- runscript
- script interpreter for minicom.
- rx, rb, rz
- XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM (Batch) file receive.
- sa-compile
- compile SpamAssassin ruleset into native code.
- sa-learn
- train SpamAssassin's Bayesian classifier.
- sa-update
- automate SpamAssassin rule updates.
- sane-find-scanner
- find SCSI and USB scanners and their device files.
- sbigtopgm
- convert an SBIG CCDOPS file to PGM.
- scanadf
- acquire multiple images from a scanner equipped with an ADF.
- scanimage
- scan an image.
- scanpci
- scan/probe PCI buses.
- screen
- screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation.
- scrollkeeper-config
- print ScrollKeeper configuration information.
- sdiff
- find differences between two files and merge interactively.
- sealert
- setroubleshoot client tool.
- sechecker
- SELinux policy checking tool.
- secon
- See an SELinux context, from a file, program or user input.
- seinfo
- SELinux policy query tool.
- semodule_expand
- Expand a SELinux policy module package.
- semodule_link
- Link SELinux policy module packages together.
- semodule_package
- Create a SELinux policy module package.
- sendiso
- send IEEE 1394 isochronous packets from dump file.
- sensors
- printing sensors information.
- seq
- print a sequence of numbers.
- sesearch
- SELinux policy query tool.
- sessreg
- manage utmp/wtmp entries for non-init clients.
- setfacl
- set file access control lists.
- setfattr
- set extended attributes of filesystem objects.
- setkeycodes
- load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries.
- setleds
- set the keyboard leds.
- setmetamode
- define the keyboard meta key handling.
- setsid
- run a program in a new session.
- setterm
- set terminal attributes.
- setup
- setup devices and file systems, mount root file system.
- setxkbmap
- set the keyboard using the X Keyboard Extension.
- sg
- execute command as different group ID.
- sgitopnm
- convert a SGI image file to PNM.
- sgml2html
- create HTML output from a LinuxDoc DTD SGML source file.
- sgml2info
- create GNU info output from a LinuxDoc DTD SGML source file.
- sgml2lyx
- create LyX output from a LinuxDoc DTD SGML source file.
- sgml2rtf
- create RTF output from a LinuxDoc DTD SGML source file.
- sgmlcheck
- check the syntax of an LinuxDoc DTD sgml source file.
- sgmldiff
- Find differences in the markup of two SGML files.
- sgmlpre
- handle SGML conditionalization for SGML-tools.
- sgmlsasp
- translate output of sgmls using ASP replacement files.
- sha1sum
- compute and check SHA1 message digest.
- sha224sum
- compute and check SHA224 message digest.
- sha256sum
- compute and check SHA256 message digest.
- sha384sum
- compute and check SHA384 message digest.
- sha512sum
- compute and check SHA512 message digest.
- showconsolefont
- Show the current EGA/VGA console screen font.
- showkey
- examine the codes sent by the keyboard.
- showrgb
- uncompile an rgb color-name database.
- shred
- overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it.
- sirtopnm
- convert a Solitaire file to PNM.
- size
- list section sizes and total size.
- slabtop
- display kernel slab cache information in real time.
- sldtoppm
- convert an AutoCAD slide file to a PPM image.
- slrn
- An easy to use NNTP / spool based newsreader.
- smbcacls
- Set or get ACLs on an NT file or directory names.
- smbclient
- ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers.
- smbcontrol
- send messages to smbd, nmbd or winbindd processes.
- smbcquotas
- Set or get QUOTAs of NTFS 5 shares.
- smbget
- wget-like utility for download files over SMB.
- smbpasswd
- change a user's SMB password.
- smbspool
- send a print file to an SMB printer.
- smbstatus
- report on current Samba connections.
- smbtree
- A text based smb network browser.
- skill, snice
- send a signal or report process status.
- snmpdelta
- Monitor delta differences in SNMP Counter values.
- snmpdf
- display disk space usage on a network entity via SNMP.
- snmpget
- communicates with a network entity using SNMP GET requests.
- snmptrap, snmpinform
- sends an SNMP notification to a manager.
- snmpset
- communicates with a network entity using SNMP SET requests.
- snmptable
- retrieve an SNMP table and display it in tabular form.
- snmptest
- communicates with a network entity using SNMP requests.
- snmpusm
- creates and maintains SNMPv3 users on a network entity.
- soelim
- interpret .so requests in groff input.
- solterm
- An IPMI Serial over LAN program.
- sox
- Sound eXchange : universal sound sample translator.
- spamassassin
- extensible email filter used to identify spam.
- spamc
- client for spamd.
- spamd
- daemonized version of spamassassin.
- spctoppm
- convert an Atari compressed Spectrum file to a PPM.
- speaker-test
- command-line speaker test tone generator for ALSA.
- speexdec
- manual page for speexdec version 1.0.3.
- speexenc
- manual page for speexenc version 1.0.3.
- diagnostics, splain
- produce verbose warning diagnostics.
- splint
- A tool for statically checking C programs.
- split
- split a file into pieces.
- splitdiff
- separate out incremental patches.
- spottopgm
- convert SPOT satellite images to a PGM image.
- sprof
- Read and display shared object profiling data.
- sputoppm
- convert an Atari uncompressed Spectrum file to a PPM image.
- stap
- systemtap script translator/driver.
- staprun
- systemtap runtime.
- startx
- initialize an X session.
- stat
- display file or file system status.
- strace
- trace system calls and signals.
- strings
- print the strings of printable characters in files.
- strip
- Discard symbols from object files.
- sudo, sudoedit
- execute a command as another user.
- sum
- checksum and count the blocks in a file.
- svn
- Subversion command line client tool.
- svnadmin
- Subversion repository administration tool.
- svndumpfilter
- Filter a subversion repository 'dumpfile'.
- svnlook
- Subversion repository examination tool.
- svnserve
- Server for the 'svn' repository access method.
- svnsync
- Subversion repository synchronization tool.
- svnversion
- Produce a compact version number for a working copy.
- symlinks
- symbolic link maintenance utility.
- system-cdinstall-helper
- Install packages from local media.
- system-config-httpd
- HTTPD configuration utility.
- system-config-services
- Service Configuration Utility.
- system-config-users
- User and Group Management tool.
- system-install-packages
- Install or update a list of packages.
- systool
- view system device information by bus, class, and topology.
- sx, sb, sz
- XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM file send.
- tac
- concatenate and print files in reverse.
- tail
- output the last part of files.
- tailf
- follow the growth of a log file.
- tangle
- translate WEB to Pascal.
- tbl
- format tables for troff.
- tclsh
- Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter.
- tdbdump
- tool for printing the contents of a TDB file.
- tdbtool
- manipulate the contents TDB files.
- tee
- read from standard input and write to standard output and files.
- test
- check file types and compare values.
- testlibraw
- run basic functionality tests on libraw1394.
- texconfig
- configures teTeX.
- texconfig-sys
- configures teTeX system-wide.
- texdoc
- Utility to look up TeX documentation.
- texexec
- ConTeXt and PDF auxiliary program and batch processor.
- texfind
- graphical tool to search for text in TeX input files.
- texfont
- font installation tool for ConTeXt.
- texlinks
- maintain symbolic links from format to engine.
- texshow
- ConTeXt command and parameter reference.
- texutil
- ConTeXt auxiliary program.
- tfmtodit
- create font files for use with groff -Tdvi.
- tftopl
- convert TeX font metric (tfm) files to property lists.
- tgatoppm
- convert TrueVision Targa file to a PPM image.
- thinkjettopbm
- convert HP ThinkJet printer commands file to PBM.
- thumbnail
- create a TIFF file with thumbnail images.
- thumbpdf
- generate thumbnail images for a PDF file created with ppddfftteexx.
- tie
- merge or apply WEB change files.
- tiff2bw
- convert a color TIFF image to greyscale.
- tiff2pdf
- convert a TIFF image to a PDF document.
- tiff2ps
- convert a TIFF image to (TM).
- tiff2rgba
- convert a TIFF image to RGBA color space.
- tiffcmp
- compare two TIFF files.
- tiffcp
- copy (and possibly convert) a TIFF file.
- tiffdither
- convert a greyscale image to bilevel using dithering.
- tiffdump
- print verbatim information about TIFF files.
- tifficc
- little cms ICC profile applier for TIFF.
- tiffinfo
- print information about TIFF files.
- tiffmedian
- apply the median cut algorithm to data in a TIFF file.
- tiffset
- set a field in a TIFF header.
- tiffsplit
- split a multi-image TIFF into single-image TIFF files.
- tifftopnm
- convert a TIFF file into a PNM image.
- time
- time a simple command or give resource usage.
- tload
- graphic representation of system load average.
- top
- display Linux tasks.
- totem
- GNOME-desktop movie player based on the xine backend.
- totem-video-thumbnailer
- video thumbnailer for the GNOME desktop.
- tr
- translate or delete characters.
- tree
- list contents of directories in a tree-like format.
- troff
- the troff processor of the groff text formatting system.
- tsort
- perform topological sort.
- tty
- print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
- tzselect
- select a time zone.
- udevinfo
- query device information from the udev database.
- udevtest
- simulate a udev run and print the action to the console.
- unexpand
- convert spaces to tabs.
- uniq
- report or omit repeated lines.
- units
- unit conversion program.
- unix2dos
- UNIX to DOS text file format converter.
- protoize, unprotoize
- automatically add or remove function prototypes.
- unwrapdiff
- demangle word-wrapped patches.
- unzip
- list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive.
- unzipsfx
- self-extracting stub for prepending to ZIP archives.
- update-mime-database
- a program to build the Shared MIME-Info database.
- updmap
- Update font map files for TeX output drivers.
- uptime
- Tell how long the system has been running.
- urlview
- URL extractor/launcher.
- userinfo
- A graphical equivilient to chfn.
- userpasswd
- A graphical tool to allow users to change their passwords.
- uuidgen
- command-line utility to create a new UUID value.
- vacuumdb
- garbage-collect and analyze a PostgreSQL database.
- valgrind
- a suite of tools for debugging and profiling programs.
- vbox
- interact with recorded messages.
- vboxbeep
- isdn voice box (beeper).
- vboxctrl
- control vbox functions.
- vboxmail
- script to send notification of new voice message.
- vboxmode
- detect format of isdn voice file.
- vboxplay
- play vbox sound files.
- vboxtoau
- isdn voice box (sound converter).
- vdir
- list directory contents.
- vim
- Vi IMproved, a programmers text editor.
- vimtutor
- the Vim tutor.
- vmstat
- Report virtual memory statistics.
- vncviewer
- VNC viewer for X.
- volname
- return volume name.
- vorbiscomment
- edits Ogg Vorbis comments.
- vptovf
- convert virtual property lists to virtual font metrics.
- w
- Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
- w3m
- a text based Web browser and pager.
- w3mman
- an interface to the on-line reference manuals by w3m(1).
- watch
- execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen.
- wbinfo
- Query information from winbind daemon.
- wbmptopbm
- convert a wireless bitmap (wbmp) file to a PBM.
- wc
- print the number of newlines, words, and bytes in files.
- weave
- translate WEB to TeX.
- webalizer
- A web server log file analysis tool.
- wftopfa
- Convert a Wadalab base font to Postscript .PFA (or .PFB) for-.
- whatis
- search the whatis database for complete words.
- which
- shows the full path of (shell) commands.
- who
- show who is logged on.
- whoami
- print effective userid.
- winicontoppm
- convert a Windows .ico image into 1 or more PPM images.
- wish
- Simple windowing shell.
- word-list-compress
- word list compressor/decompressor for GNU Aspell.
- write
- send a message to another user.
- wrjpgcom
- insert text comments into a JPEG file.
- wtpt
- Show media white of profiles, identifying black body locus.
- wvdial
- PPP dialer with built-in intelligence.
- xargs
- build and execute command lines from standard input.
- xauth
- X authority file utility.
- xbmtopbm
- convert an X11 or X10 bitmap to a PBM image.
- xcam
- a graphical camera frontend for SANE.
- xdelta
- Invoke Xdelta.
- xdpyinfo
- display information utility for X.
- xdriinfo
- query configuration information of DRI drivers.
- xev
- print contents of X events.
- xfd
- display all the characters in an X font.
- xfontsel
- point and click selection of X11 font names.
- xfs
- X font server.
- xgamma
- Alter a monitor's gamma correction through the X server.
- xgettext
- extract gettext strings from source.
- xhost
- server access control program for X.
- ximtoppm
- convert an Xim file to a PPM image.
- xinit
- X Window System initializer.
- xkbcomp
- compile XKB keyboard description.
- xkbevd
- XKB event daemon.
- xkbprint
- print an XKB keyboard description.
- xlsatoms
- list interned atoms defined on server.
- xlsclients
- list client applications running on a display.
- xlsfonts
- server font list displayer for X.
- xmkmf
- create a Makefile from an Imakefile.
- xml2po
- program to create a PO-template file from a DocBook XML file.
- xmlcatalog
- Command line tool to parse and manipulate XML or SGML.
- xmlif
- conditional processing instructions for XML.
- xmllint
- command line XML tool.
- xmlsec1
- sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt XML documents.
- xmlsec1-config
- detail installed version of xmlsec library.
- xmlto
- apply an XSL stylesheet to an XML document.
- xmlwf
- Determines if an XML document is well-formed.
- xpmtoppm
- convert an X11 pixmap to a PPM image.
- xprop
- property displayer for X.
- xrandr
- primitive command line interface to RandR extension.
- xrdb
- X server resource database utility.
- xrefresh
- refresh all or part of an X screen.
- xrestop
- A X11 client server resource usage monitor.
- xsane
- scanner frontend for SANE.
- xset
- user preference utility for X.
- xsetmode
- set the mode for an X Input device.
- xsetpointer
- set an X Input device as the main pointer.
- xsetroot
- root window parameter setting utility for X.
- xsltproc
- command line XSLT processor.
- xsri
- set the root window background in X.
- xstdcmap
- X standard colormap utility.
- xsubpp
- compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code.
- xvidtune
- video mode tuner for Xorg.
- xvinfo
- Print out X-Video extension adaptor information.
- xvminitoppm
- convert an XV 'thumbnail' picture to PPM.
- xwdtopnm
- convert an X11 or X10 window dump file to a PNM image.
- xwininfo
- window information utility for X.
- ybmtopbm
- convert a Bennet Yee 'face' file to PBM.
- yes
- output a string repeatedly until killed.
- ypcat
- print values of all keys in a NIS database.
- yppasswd, ypchfn, ypchsh
- change your password in the NIS database.
- ypmatch
- print the values of one or more keys from a NIS map.
- ypwhich
- return name of NIS server or map master.
- yum
- Yellowdog Updater Modified.
- yuvsplittoppm
- convert separate Y, U, and V files into a PPM image.
- yuvtoppm
- convert Abekas YUV bytes to PPM.
- zcmp, zdiff
- compare compressed files.
- zeisstopnm
- convert a Zeiss confocal file to PNM.
- zforce
- force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files.
- zgrep
- search possibly compressed files for a regular expression.
- zipgrep
- search files in a ZIP archive for lines matching a pattern.
- zipinfo
- list detailed information about a ZIP archive.
- zless
- file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text.
- zmore
- file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text.
- znew
- recompress .Z files to .gz files.
